The Brussels Desk · IndependentBrussels desk
EU PoliticsSunday, 30 August 2026 · 5 min read

Who actually runs EU foreign policy?

A High Representative, 27 foreign ministers, and a unanimity rule that decides everything.

The Brussels Desk · Updated Yesterday, 16:11

What happened

EU foreign policy is set by member states acting unanimously in the Foreign Affairs Council, chaired by the High Representative, who also heads the European External Action Service.

Why it matters

Unanimity means one capital can hold a statement hostage. It is why joint declarations sometimes take a week and end up saying less than they started with.

The Brussels angle

The recurring proposal to move to qualified majority voting on some foreign policy questions is popular with big member states and deeply unpopular with small ones. That is the whole debate.

What happens next

Foreign ministers meet monthly. Watch which items get a joint statement and which get "the High Representative said".

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Written from these sources

Facts are extracted from primary institutional material and written independently by The Gazette desk.

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